The scientists are referring to Monte Carlo simulations, a statistical technique used to model probabilistic (or "stochastic") systems and establish the odds for a variety of outcomes.

科学家们指的是Monte Carlo模拟法，它是一种用于建立概率(或者说“随机”)系统模型，并计算出某些结果出现概率的统计方法。

youdao

First introduced in 1970 as a full-size car, the Monte Carlo had been downsized to a mid-size by the time the last rear drive model appeared in 1988.

这款轿车于1970年作为一款全尺寸轿车被引入市场。但等到它的最后一款后驱车型于1988年亮相的时候，它已经瘦身成了一款中型车。

youdao

So a Monte Carlo simulation uses essentially random inputs (within realistic limits) to model the system and produce probable outcomes.

于是 Monte Carlo 法使用基本上是随机的输入（带有一些现实的限制）去为系统建模，并产生可能的结果。

youdao